Experience

• Thirty years of experience in the Middle East, including as former US Ambassador to Algeria (1975-1977), Lebanon (1977-1978), and Morocco (1978-1979). Also served in Egypt, Israel and Jordan
• Former editor of The Middle East Journal (1980-1987)
• Taught at the University of Virginia, Lawrence University and SAIS Johns Hopkins
• Author or editor of seven books relating to North Africa, modern diplomatic history of the Middle East, the Arab-Israel wars, Islamic art, our first hostage crisis and first war with Muslim states (Algiers and Tripoli), and most recently, Uncle Sam in Barbary (2004).
• Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the American Academy of Diplomacy, and the Advisory Council on Near East Studies at Princeton University