Experience
- Former Afghanistan and Pakistan Analyst at the Bureau of Intelligence Research at the US Department of State (1999-2003)
- Professor Emeritus at the University of Illinois; served as Director of the Program in South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies
- Senior Fellow at the United States Institute of Peace (1996-1997); held Fulbright Research Fellowships for Afghanistan (1989-90) and Egypt (1981-1982)
- Author of numerous books, chapters, and articles, including "Human Rights, Culture and Politics in Northern Tier Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan" (2003) and Pakistan and Afghanistan: Resistance and Reconstruction (1994)
Education
- PhD, Columbia University, 1965
- MA, University of Michigan, 1958
- BA, City University of New York, 1957